Peace Finder

Situation

When I am worn out

8 traditions are shelved here, each stating the question in its own words.

Is calm a temperament, or something practised?

A movement that began in the United States in the late nineteenth century, from the teaching of Phineas Quimby and writers who followed him, and which holds that thought is causal — that the content and quality of a person's thinking shapes their character, their circumstances and their health. It produced a large popular literature in the decades around 1900, and the modern vocabulary of manifestation, affirmation and the law of attraction descends from it directly.

About this passageThe final chapter of the book, and the one that argues least from the movement's causal claim and most from ordinary observation. Allen treats calmness as the product of practised self-control rather than temperament. The passage does also promise that tranquillity brings commercial success, which is worth noticing as part of what the tradition holds.

Calmness of mind is one of the beautiful jewels of wisdom. It is the result of long and patient effort in self-control. Its presence is an indication of ripened experience, and of a more than ordinary knowledge of the laws and operations of thought.

A man becomes calm in the measure that he understands himself as a thought evolved being, for such knowledge necessitates the understanding of others as the result of thought, and as he develops a right understanding, and sees more and more clearly the internal relations of things by the action of cause and effect he ceases to fuss and fume and worry and grieve, and remains poised, steadfast, serene.

The calm man, having learned how to govern himself, knows how to adapt himself to others; and they, in turn, reverence his spiritual strength, and feel that they can learn of him and rely upon him.

The strong, calm man is always loved and revered. He is like a shade-giving tree in a thirsty land, or a sheltering rock in a storm.

In plainer words

A calm mind, Allen says, is one of the finest things a person can have, and it is the result of long patient work on yourself rather than luck. Someone becomes calm as they come to understand themselves — and, through that, other people — so they stop fussing and fuming and worrying and stay steady instead. A calm person has learned to govern themselves, which is why others trust them. He compares such a person to a tree giving shade in a dry place, or a rock you can shelter behind in a storm.

A restatement in modern English, written for this collection. The passage above is the text; this is one way of putting it.

What is a night's sleep actually doing?

Findings from published psychological and neuroscientific work, summarised for this collection rather than reproduced, with the study named on each entry so a reader can go to the source. What is collected here is what has been measured about attention, habit, sleep, emotion and change — including, where it applies, how large the measured effect is and how well it has held up when other groups have tried to repeat it.

About this passageSummarised for this collection from work on sleep and emotional processing. The 2007 study deprived healthy people of a single night's sleep and measured amygdala response to unpleasant images; the review sets out the broader case that sleep does something to emotional memory rather than merely resting the body. The overnight-therapy framing is the researchers' own and remains argued over.

After one night without sleep, the amygdala — which registers threat — responds about sixty per cent more strongly to unpleasant images. At the same time the connection between it and the prefrontal region that normally moderates it weakens. The alarm gets louder and the hand on the volume comes off.

That is the deprivation finding. The more interesting proposal is about what sleep is doing when you get it: that during certain stages the brain reprocesses the emotional content of the day, keeping what happened while turning down the charge attached to it. The memory survives; the sting is reduced.

Which is why a difficult evening genuinely can look different in the morning, and why it reliably looks worse at two in the morning when you have not slept. That is not weakness of character. It is a measurable state.

How completely sleep does this, and for whom, is still contested.

Summarised for this collection. The findings belong to the researchers named on each entry; the wording is ours, and any error in it is ours too.

The workYoo, S.-S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A. & Walker, M. P. (2007), “The human emotional brain without sleep — a prefrontal amygdala disconnect”, Current Biology 17(20); and Walker, M. P. & van der Helm, E. (2009), “Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing”, Psychological Bulletin 135(5).· summary not yet checked against the paper

Filed underrestreactivitypresencetime

What if this is the middle of the season rather than a failure?

A practice of reading meaning from the positions of the sun, moon and planets, attested in Babylonian, Hellenistic, Indian and Chinese forms and continuous in the West since antiquity. Western astrology divides the year into twelve signs and reads the movement of the planets as a description of timing, season and disposition.

About this passageWritten for this collection, describing how the Western astrological tradition divides the zodiac by mode. It sets out what practitioners say. Whether the sky describes anything is not a question this note takes a position on.

The twelve signs are sorted three ways, and the one people meet last is mode. Four signs begin a season — Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn — and the tradition calls them cardinal. Four hold the season at its full width. Four dissolve it so the next can start.

What the scheme insists on is that beginning is only one of the three jobs. A year that was all cardinal would be all January: a great deal of starting and nothing brought to term. The tradition treats the holding and the dissolving as work of the same rank, which is not how most calendars are sold.

Read that way, a season of no visible progress is not a failure of the season. It is what the middle of anything looks like from inside it.

Astrologers reading a chart heavy in one mode do not describe it as better or worse. They describe what it will find easy and what it will have to be taught.

Was finishing it ever my job?

A tradition carried in the Hebrew scriptures and in the rabbinic literature built around them — Mishnah, Talmud, commentary and law — read and argued over continuously for more than two thousand years. Its teaching arrives as much through recorded disagreement between named teachers as through statement, and its texts are read as scripture by their communities.

About this passageRabbi Tarfon taught after the destruction of the Second Temple, when the work of rebuilding a way of life was plainly larger than any lifetime. The two sayings are usually read together because the second answers the panic the first produces: the task really is too big, and finishing it was never what was being asked. In the original the work is the study of Torah; the formulation has since been applied far past it.

"The day is short, the task is great, the laborers are sluggish, the reward is much, and the Master of the house is urgent."

He also used to say, "It is not thy duty to complete the work, but neither art thou free to desist from it."

In plainer words

The day is short and there is far more to do than can be done, and the person who set the work is not relaxed about it. And also: finishing it is not your job. Neither are you allowed to walk away from it.

A restatement in modern English, written for this collection. The passage above is the text; this is one way of putting it.

Pirke Avot: The Sayings of the Jewish Fathers, translated by Joseph I. Gorfinkle, Library of Jewish Classics III. Public domain.

Filed underrestpatienceacceptancetime

What does a thing do when it has grown all it can?

A tradition originating in China and gathered around the Tao Teh King and the writings attributed to Zhuangzi, with a later history of monastic practice, ritual and internal alchemy. Its central term, the Tao, names the way things go of themselves; much of its counsel concerns acting without forcing, and the strength of what is yielding.

About this passageThe chapter describes a practice — emptying, and holding still — and then what becomes visible from it: that things run through their activity and go back to where they started, the way a plant that has grown all it can returns to its root. Stillness here is not a mood but the end of a cycle, and the text calls knowing this cycle the beginning of clear sight.

The (state of) vacancy should be brought to the utmost degree, and that of stillness guarded with unwearying vigour. All things alike go through their processes of activity, and (then) we see them return (to their original state). When things (in the vegetable world) have displayed their luxuriant growth, we see each of them return to its root. This returning to their root is what we call the state of stillness; and that stillness may be called a reporting that they have fulfilled their appointed end.

The report of that fulfilment is the regular, unchanging rule. To know that unchanging rule is to be intelligent; not to know it leads to wild movements and evil issues. The knowledge of that unchanging rule produces a (grand) capacity and forbearance, and that capacity and forbearance lead to a community (of feeling with all things).

In plainer words

Empty yourself out as far as you can, and hold still, and keep holding. Everything runs its course and then goes back to where it began — you can watch a plant do it, growing all it can and then returning to the root. That return is what stillness is. Knowing this is what being clear-sighted means; not knowing it is what makes people thrash about and come to harm. Knowing it makes a person roomy, and roomy becomes generous, and generous becomes one thing with everything else.

A restatement in modern English, written for this collection. The passage above is the text; this is one way of putting it.

Is rest something I have to earn first?

A tradition rooted in the Hebrew scriptures and in the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth, carried through two millennia of churches, commentaries, liturgies and practices. Its texts are read as scripture by their communities.

About this passageSpoken at the end of a chapter in which Jesus has been rebuking towns that did not respond to him. A yoke is the wooden frame that couples a draft animal to a load, and rabbinic usage had long applied the word to the obligations of the Law — so the image is of exchanging one burden for another, rather than of putting burdens down. What the passage promises is a lighter yoke, not an empty field.

"Come to me, all you who labor and are heavily burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart; and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light."

In plainer words

Come here, all of you who are worn out and carrying too much, and I will let you rest. Take my yoke instead — learn from me, because I am gentle and not proud — and you will find rest in yourselves. My yoke fits. What I ask you to carry is light. Note that he does not offer to remove the harness. He offers a better one.

A restatement in modern English, written for this collection. The passage above is the text; this is one way of putting it.

The Holy Bible, World English Bible. Public domain. The WEB is a revision of the American Standard Version of 1901.

Filed underresttrustpresencesuffering

Whose weight am I actually carrying?

Reflection that does not appeal to a religious or philosophical authority. The pieces here were written for this collection and make no claim to be anything other than one way of putting a question.

About this passageWritten for this collection. It concerns ordinary exhaustion rather than clinical depression or burnout, which are different things with different treatments, and it is not offered as a substitute for either.

Tiredness lies about its own cause. It presents as a failure of character — you are lazy, you are behind, you should be managing this — when the actual reading is much duller. You have been carrying something for a long time and have not put it down.

Some of the weight is not yours. A surprising amount of what people carry was handed to them by somebody who was glad to be rid of it, and it can be set down at any point, though rarely without an argument.

Some of it is yours and cannot be set down. That is not the same as being crushed by it. Weight that is genuinely yours becomes carriable in a way that weight you are merely holding for somebody else never does.

The test is simple and unwelcome: if it were finally finished, would you rest, or would you find the next thing? Most people know the answer immediately, and most people do not like it.

Where can I go that does not require going anywhere?

A school of Greek and Roman philosophy taught from the third century BCE onward, concerned with judgement, action and the distinction between what a person controls and what they do not. Its surviving handbooks were written as practical training rather than theory.

About this passageThe closing part of a longer entry that begins by observing that people seek retreats — houses in the country, seashores, mountains — when the only retreat always available is inward. What follows is the summary Marcus gives himself: two things to keep at hand, and a definition of what disturbance is made of. The last sentence is among the most quoted in the book.

This then remains: Remember to retire into this little territory of thy own, and above all do not distract or strain thyself, but be free, and look at things as a man, as a human being, as a citizen, as a mortal.

But among the things readiest to thy hand to which thou shalt turn, let there be these, which are two. One is that things do not touch the soul, for they are external and remain immovable; but our perturbations come only from the opinion which is within.

The other is that all these things, which thou seest, change immediately and will no longer be; and constantly bear in mind how many of these changes thou hast already witnessed. The universe is transformation: life is opinion.

In plainer words

So: remember you can withdraw into that small patch of ground that is your own. Do not wind yourself up. Be free. Look at things as a person, a human being, a citizen, someone who will die. Keep two things where you can reach them. First, events do not touch your mind — they are outside it and they stay outside; the disturbance is the opinion you are holding. Second, everything you can see is already changing and will shortly not be there, and you have watched that happen more times than you can count. Everything is turning into something else. Living is a matter of what you make of it.

A restatement in modern English, written for this collection. The passage above is the text; this is one way of putting it.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, translated by George Long, 1862. Public domain. Text from the Standard Ebooks edition, whose editorial contributions are released under CC0.

Filed underrestpresencecontrolattention

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